Metabolic Alkalosis

Description

Metabolic alkalosis is a disorder characterized by elevated blood pH and increased bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) levels, often due to loss of hydrogen ions (e.g., vomiting, nasogastric suction), excess alkali intake, or diuretic use. Symptoms may include muscle cramps, hypoventilation, arrhythmias, and altered mental status. Diagnosis involves arterial blood gas analysis and identifying the underlying cause. Treatment includes correcting volume depletion with saline, replacing potassium, and addressing the primary cause. In severe cases, acetazolamide or acid infusion may be required.