Acute kidney injury

Description

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a rapid decline in renal function over hours to days, resulting in impaired excretion of waste, fluid imbalance, and electrolyte disturbances. Causes are classified as prerenal (e.g., dehydration), intrinsic (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or postrenal (e.g., obstruction). Symptoms include reduced urine output, edema, and rising serum creatinine. Diagnosis involves labs and imaging. Management focuses on addressing the underlying cause, optimizing fluid status, and avoiding nephrotoxins. Severe cases may require dialysis. Early detection improves outcomes.