Echocardiogram in mitral stenosis

Description

Echocardiography is essential for diagnosing and assessing mitral stenosis severity. Two-dimensional imaging evaluates valve morphology, leaflet mobility, calcification, and commissural fusion. Doppler assessment measures transmitral gradients using continuous-wave Doppler and mitral valve area via pressure half-time method or planimetry. Severe stenosis is defined by valve area <1.5 cm² and mean gradient >10 mmHg. Color Doppler detects associated mitral regurgitation. Secondary findings include left atrial enlargement, pulmonary hypertension, and right heart changes. Three-dimensional echo provides detailed valve anatomy for surgical planning. Serial monitoring tracks disease progression and guides timing of intervention, including balloon valvuloplasty or surgical repair/replacement decisions.