Obstructive sleep apnea

Description

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated upper airway obstruction during sleep, leading to intermittent hypoxia and disrupted sleep architecture. Common symptoms include loud snoring, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and poor concentration. Risk factors include obesity, male gender, and craniofacial abnormalities. Diagnosis is confirmed via polysomnography. Management includes lifestyle changes, weight loss, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, and oral appliances. Severe or refractory cases may require surgical intervention. Timely treatment reduces cardiovascular and metabolic complications.