Acute on chronic liver failure

Description

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome where an acute hepatic insult leads to rapid deterioration in liver function in a patient with pre-existing chronic liver disease, often resulting in multi-organ failure and high short-term mortality. Common triggers include infections, alcohol binge, variceal bleeding, or drug-induced injury. Clinical features include jaundice, coagulopathy, encephalopathy, and ascites. Diagnosis involves liver function tests, coagulation profile, and organ failure assessment (e.g., CLIF-SOFA score). Management includes treating the precipitating event, organ support, and consideration for liver transplantation.