Approach to a patient with sleep disorders

Description

Approach to a patient with anemia begins with a thorough history (fatigue, bleeding, diet, medications) and physical examination (pallor, jaundice, glossitis, splenomegaly). Initial investigations include complete blood count (CBC), reticulocyte count, and peripheral smear. Anemia is classified based on mean corpuscular volume (MCV) into microcytic, normocytic, or macrocytic types. Further tests—iron studies, vitamin B12/folate levels, renal function, and hemolysis markers—are guided by this classification. Management targets the underlying cause, with supportive care such as transfusion or supplementation when indicated.